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Scraper: A pipeline scraper, commonly referred to as a pipeline pig, is sent through a pipeline to clean the internal pipeline wall. Scrapers may contain scraper cups, discs, brushes, blades, or combinations thereof, to clean the pipeline walls. A scraper is pushed through the line by the flow of product in the line.
Selectivity: refers to a gas detector's ability to select one type of fuel gas from a mixture of fuel gases and other pollutants. Most gas detection technologies today are not selective. Laser technology offers the potential for selectivity.
Sensitivity: refers to the lowest level of PPM capable of detection by a gas leak detector. Generally, FID units are the most sensitive. Many semi-conductor sensors are only sensitive down to 10 to 300 PPM range.
SHORTSTOPP® Fittings: A group of fittings, both full-encirclement and scarfed-nipple types, designed for the gas distribution market and for use with SHORTSTOPP® Plugging Equipment. SHORTSTOPP® fittings are normally stock items.
Smart Pig: A term used to describe any of the series of pigs used for internal inspection of a pipeline. Smart pigs can detect bends, dents and other reductions. Different smart pigs inspect for corrosion and other forms of damage, and others even photograph the internal walls of a pipeline. High-tech electronics and battery-operated on-board computers, contained in a sealed housing, store and process various internal measurements.
Spherical 3-WAY™ Tee: A full-encirclement, low-profile, 3-WAY™ Tee, SHORTSTOPP® Fitting. The body of the fitting is spherical in shape and the outlet goes through the body at pipeline height.
Split Sleeve: A fitting body consisting of a steel cylinder split longitudinally into a top and bottom. It can be applied to an existing pipeline, then welded back into an unsplit cylinder.
Split Tee: A fitting with a flanged top and a body made from a split sleeve.
Stability: refers to the steadiness of the zero point on a gas leak detector. If a zero point moves up or down during the detection process then the scale will display either more or less of the unit of measure (PPM, % LEL or % Volume Gas).
STOPPLE® Fitting: A full-encirclement plugging fitting which includes a LOCK-O-RING® flanged top.
Subsea Mechanical Plugging Tee: A TDW LOCK-O-RING® flange welded to a subsea mechanical tee.
Tapping Fitting: An item that is attached to a pipeline by welding or mechanical means, which enables a cutter to travel through the fitting in order to cut a hole into the existing pipeline while under pressure.
Tappetino: also known as a "chariot tapis," is a two-wheel, hand-push trolley with a neoprene or urethane mat containing a small concave area or gas trap by which a gas sample can be taken at ground level. The gas trap is connected by hose to a gas leak detector. This device is normally used only with a gas leak detector such as Ioniflam. It is not intended for use with a CATEX+.
THREAD-O-RING™ Fitting: A nipple-type (high pressure) fitting used for blowdown (purge) and equalization. It has a completion plug so valves and equipment can be removed. A threaded cap with o-ring is provided with the assembly.
Throughput: A term that describes the flow through a pipe, i.e., CFM, BBLS/HOUE.
Trap Bypass Valve: The bypass valve on a receiver opened to return pipeline flow from the receiver into the line. It permits pipeline flow through the trap, enabling flow to push the pig into the receiver.
Trap Kicker Valve: The kicker valve, when open, directs pipeline flow into the trap behind the pig to launch it into the pipeline. The mainline trap valve is opened and the pig moves out of the launcher and into the main line.
Trap: A device used to launch or receive pipeline pigs from a pipeline. It consists of a launcher/receiver barrel, which is connected to the pipeline by a series of valves enabling the trap to be off- or on-line with pipeline flow.
Turbulent Flow: Irregular random motion of fluid particles in directions transverse to the direction of the main flow. The velocity distribution in turbulent flow is more uniform across the pipe diameter than in laminar flow.
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